Tus thawj excavator yog phau ntawv. Nws tau ntau tshaj 130 xyoo txij li nws tsim nyob rau hauv 2013. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau ntsib ntau yam kev txhim kho los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau tsav los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau hluav taws xob-tsav thiab sab hauv combustion engine-driven rotary excavators, thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm electromechanical. thiab hydraulic integration technology. gradual txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsis siv neeg hydraulic excavators. Thawj hydraulic excavator tau tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas Poclain hauv Fabkis. Raws li kev siv tshuab hydraulic, nyob rau xyoo 1940, muaj mounted excavators nruab nrog hydraulic backhoes ntawm tsheb laij teb. Nyob rau hauv 1951, thawj tag nrho hydraulic backhoe excavator twb launched los ntawm lub Hoobkas Poclain nyob rau hauv Fabkis, yog li tsim ib tug tshiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm technologies kev loj hlob ntawm excavators. Thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab -1950s, cab backhoes tau tsim ua tiav. Tag nrho viav vias hydraulic excavators thiab crawler-hom tag nrho hydraulic excavators. Thawj qhov kev sim tsim ntawm hydraulic excavators siv hydraulic tshuab ntawm aircraft thiab tshuab cuab yeej. Lawv tsis muaj hydraulic Cheebtsam haum rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm excavator. Kev tsim khoom zoo tsis ruaj khov txaus thiab cov khoom txhawb nqa tsis tiav. Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, hydraulic excavators tau nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab kev loj hlob zoo. Excavator manufacturers thiab ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau nce sai heev, thiab cov zis tau surged. Los ntawm 1968 mus rau 1970, cov zis ntawm hydraulic excavators accounted rau 83% ntawm tag nrho cov excavator tso zis, uas yog ze rau 100% [2].
Thawj tiam ntawm excavators: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob motors thiab combustion engines muab excavators siab heev thiab haum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ntau yam khoom siv excavator tau yug los ib zaug. Xyoo 1899, thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob excavator tau tshwm sim. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, cov tshuab hluav taws xob kuj tau siv rau hauv excavators. Qhov no diesel cav (los yog hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog) tsav txhua yam excavator yog thawj tiam ntawm excavators.
Thib ob tiam excavator: Nrog rau kev siv dav siv tshuab hydraulic, excavators muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab siv tau cov khoom sib kis. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuab xa mus los ntawm hydraulic kis tau tus mob yog ib qho kev dhia loj hauv kev siv tshuab excavator. Xyoo 1950, lub teb chaws Yelemees thawj hydraulic excavator tau yug los. Mechanical kis tau tus mob hydraulic yog lub thib ob tiam excavator.
Thib peb-tiam excavators: Cov ntawv thov dav siv hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv tshuab computer, tau ua kom cov excavators muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, thiab tseem tau ua kom cov excavators los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm siab, automation thiab kev txawj ntse. Lub germination ntawm mechatronics tau tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm 1965, thaum mechatronics technology tau saws nyob rau hauv loj-tsim hydraulic excavators nyob ib ncig ntawm 1985. Lub sij hawm ntawd, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom txuag tau lub zog. Excavator electronics yog lub cim ntawm peb tiam ntawm excavators.
Excavator kev lag luam manufacturers tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg. Ntau tshaj 70% ntawm domestic excavators yog nyob los ntawm txawv teb chaws hom. Cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev tseem yog cov khoom siv me me thiab nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib faib ntawm cov excavators hauv tsev yog maj mam nce, nrog rau ib lub xyoo nce ntawm 3.6% hauv 2012.